Overview Of Medical Care In Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
EVALUATION FOR DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS -- Morbidity from diabetes is a consequence of both macrovascular disease (atherosclerosis) and microvascular disease (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). In type 2 diabetes, disease onset is ... [... more]
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Treatment Of Hypertension In Children And Adolescents
DEFINITIONS -- In children, the following definitions based upon the 2004 National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group (NHBPEP) are used to classify BP measurements in the United States (1) . BP percentiles are based upon gender, ... [... more]
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Cardiovascular Risk Of Smoking And Benefits Of Smoking ...
One report evaluating the effect of secondhand smoke included measurement of serum cotinine concentrations to assess environmental exposure objectively (22) . A group of 2105 nonsmoking British men were divided into quartile based upon serum ... [... more]
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Chemoprevention Of Bladder Cancer
The chemoprevention of bladder cancer with systemic agents will be reviewed here, with the focus primarily on agents for which epidemiologic or clinical trial data are available. The use of intravesical agents to prevent the recurrence of ... [... more]
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Overview Of Hypertension In Adults
The definition, complications, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertension are reviewed here. Detailed discussions of all of these issues are found separately. (See appropriate topic reviews.) > Last literature review for version 16.1: ... [... more]
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Chemoprevention Of Lung Cancer
The identification of the factors responsible for lung cancer permits targeted efforts at prevention. The main risk factor is cigarette smoking, which accounts for approximately 90 percent of cases in men and an estimated 70 to 85 percent of ... [... more]
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Prediction And Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
INTRODUCTION -- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion. Although the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes is high, our ability to predict and prevent type 2 ... [... more]
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Clinical Care Of Incarcerated Adults
In addition to the high risk population served, the design of prisons and prison services themselves may unintentionally facilitate the transmission of disease (1) . Prisons often lack space for isolating potentially contagious sick inmates, and ... [... more]
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Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
INTRODUCTION -- Thromboangiitis obliterans is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the small and medium sized arteries, veins, and nerves of the extremities (1) . This condition is distinguished from ... [... more]
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Counseling For Behavior Change In The Medical Encounter
High-intensity counseling has been shown to be effective in changing diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use in adults. It has sustained modest weight loss at one year in adults but not in adolescents. The approach employs a combination ... [... more]
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Treatment Of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
INTRODUCTION -- There is no cure for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); however, medical and surgical strategies can help to eliminate existing lesions and prevent development of new lesions. No large high-quality randomized controlled trials have ... [... more]
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Cancer Prevention
Both screening and prevention can reduce mortality from cancer. Screening detects abnormalities before they are clinically apparent, allowing for intervention either before cancer develops or at an early stage, when treatment is most often ... [... more]
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